-          Adult rhesus monkeys, body weight 7-10kg, male or female.

-          Single injection of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine) via unilateral carotid artery induced hemi-parkinsonian model

-          Parkinsonian syndrome was observed in one side of the body: forearm tremor, bradykinesia, posture curve. We have special equipments to test and record monkey model’s behavior.

-          The behaviors and motor movements of each monkey will be scored and rated individually according to an established scale described by Gash, et al. (Nature 1996; 380:252-5).  Prior to the study, the trained observers will reliably score the same categories with a Pearson correlation coefficient of >0.90.

-          Biochemistry evaluations including TH enzyme assay,

-          HPLC analysis of dopamine, HVA, DOPAC, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the brain or in CSF.

-          Immunohistochemistry analysis to show the dopaminergic neurons loss in the substatia nigra of lesioned side (indicated by arrow in the fig below).                        

-          Electron microscopic analysis to intensify the histochemistry reaction and improve visualization of immunostained brain structures.